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IETF RFC 6195

Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations

Last modified on Tuesday, March 29th, 2011

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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                   D. Eastlake 3rd
Request for Comments: 6195                                        Huawei
BCP: 42                                                       March 2011
Obsoletes: 5395
Updates: 1183, 3597
Category: Best Current Practice 
ISSN: 2070-1721


              Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations

 Abstract

   This document specifies Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA)
   parameter assignment considerations for the allocation of Domain Name
   System (DNS) resource record types, CLASSes, operation codes, error
   codes, DNS protocol message header bits, and AFSDB resource record
   subtypes.

 Status of This Memo

   This memo documents an Internet Best Current Practice.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
   BCPs is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.

   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
   http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 6195.

 Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.




Eastlake 3rd              Best Current Practice              PAGE 1 top


RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................2 1.1. Terminology ................................................3 2. DNS Query/Response Headers ......................................3 2.1. One Spare Bit? .............................................4 2.2. OpCode Assignment ..........................................4 2.3. RCODE Assignment ...........................................4 3. DNS Resource Records ............................................6 3.1. RRTYPE IANA Considerations .................................7 3.1.1. DNS RRTYPE Allocation Policy ........................8 3.1.2. DNS RRTYPE Expert Guidelines ........................9 3.1.3. Special Note on the OPT RR ..........................9 3.1.4. The AFSDB RR Subtype Field .........................10 3.2. RR CLASS IANA Considerations ..............................10 3.3. Label Considerations ......................................12 3.3.1. Label Types ........................................12 3.3.2. Label Contents and Use .............................12 4. Security Considerations ........................................13 5. IANA Considerations ............................................13 Appendix A. RRTYPE Allocation Template ............................14 Appendix B. Changes from RFC 5395 .................................15 Normative References ..............................................15 Informative References ............................................16 1. Introduction The Domain Name System (DNS) provides replicated distributed secure hierarchical databases that store "resource records" (RRs) under domain names. DNS data is structured into CLASSes and zones that can be independently maintained. Familiarity with [RFC 1034], [RFC 1035], [RFC 2136], [RFC 2181], and [RFC 4033] is assumed. This document provides, either directly or by reference, the general IANA parameter assignment considerations that apply across DNS query and response headers and all RRs. There may be additional IANA considerations that apply to only a particular RRTYPE or query/response OpCode. See the specific RFC defining that RRTYPE or query/response OpCode for such considerations if they have been defined, except for AFSDB RR considerations [RFC 1183], which are included herein. This RFC obsoletes [RFC 5395]; however, the only significant change is the change to the public review mailing list to dnsext@ietf.org. IANA currently maintains a web page of DNS parameters available from http://www.iana.org. Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 2 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 1.1. Terminology "Standards Action", "IETF Review", "Specification Required", and "Private Use" are as defined in [RFC 5226]. 2. DNS Query/Response Headers The header for DNS queries and responses contains field/bits in the following diagram taken from [RFC 2136] and [RFC 5395]: 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | ID | +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |QR| OpCode |AA|TC|RD|RA| Z|AD|CD| RCODE | +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | QDCOUNT/ZOCOUNT | +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | ANCOUNT/PRCOUNT | +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | NSCOUNT/UPCOUNT | +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | ARCOUNT | +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ The ID field identifies the query and is echoed in the response so they can be matched. The QR bit indicates whether the header is for a query or a response. The AA, TC, RD, RA, AD, and CD bits are each theoretically meaningful only in queries or only in responses, depending on the bit. However, some DNS implementations copy the query header as the initial value of the response header without clearing bits. Thus, any attempt to use a "query" bit with a different meaning in a response or to define a query meaning for a "response" bit is dangerous, given existing implementation. Such meanings may only be assigned by a Standards Action. The unsigned integer fields query count (QDCOUNT), answer count (ANCOUNT), authority count (NSCOUNT), and additional information count (ARCOUNT) express the number of records in each section for all OpCodes except Update [RFC 2136]. These fields have the same structure and data type for Update but are instead the counts for the zone (ZOCOUNT), prerequisite (PRCOUNT), update (UPCOUNT), and additional information (ARCOUNT) sections. Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 3 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 2.1. One Spare Bit? There have been ancient DNS implementations for which the Z bit being on in a query meant that only a response from the primary server for a zone is acceptable. It is believed that current DNS implementations ignore this bit. Assigning a meaning to the Z bit requires a Standards Action. 2.2. OpCode Assignment Currently, DNS OpCodes are assigned as follows: OpCode Name Reference 0 Query [RFC 1035] 1 IQuery (Inverse Query, Obsolete) [RFC 3425] 2 Status [RFC 1035] 3 available for assignment 4 Notify [RFC 1996] 5 Update [RFC 2136] 6-15 available for assignment New OpCode assignments require a Standards Action as modified by [RFC 4020]. 2.3. RCODE Assignment It would appear from the DNS header above that only four bits of RCODE, or response/error code, are available. However, RCODEs can appear not only at the top level of a DNS response but also inside OPT RRs [RFC 2671], TSIG RRs [RFC 2845], and TKEY RRs [RFC 2930]. The OPT RR provides an 8-bit extension resulting in a 12-bit RCODE field, and the TSIG and TKEY RRs have a 16-bit RCODE field. Error codes appearing in the DNS header and in these three RR types all refer to the same error code space with the single exception of error code 16, which has a different meaning in the OPT RR than in other contexts. This duplicate assignment was accidental. See table below. Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 4 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 RCODE Name Description Reference Decimal Hexadecimal 0 NoError No Error [RFC 1035] 1 FormErr Format Error [RFC 1035] 2 ServFail Server Failure [RFC 1035] 3 NXDomain Non-Existent Domain [RFC 1035] 4 NotImp Not Implemented [RFC 1035] 5 Refused Query Refused [RFC 1035] 6 YXDomain Name Exists when it should not [RFC 2136] 7 YXRRSet RR Set Exists when it should not [RFC 2136] 8 NXRRSet RR Set that should exist does not [RFC 2136] 9 NotAuth Server Not Authoritative for zone [RFC 2136] 10 NotZone Name not contained in zone [RFC 2136] 11 - 15 Available for assignment 16 BADVERS Bad OPT Version [RFC 2671] 16 BADSIG TSIG Signature Failure [RFC 2845] 17 BADKEY Key not recognized [RFC 2845] 18 BADTIME Signature out of time window [RFC 2845] 19 BADMODE Bad TKEY Mode [RFC 2930] 20 BADNAME Duplicate key name [RFC 2930] 21 BADALG Algorithm not supported [RFC 2930] 22 BADTRUC Bad Truncation [RFC 4635] 23 - 3,840 0x0017 - 0x0F00 Available for assignment 3,841 - 4,095 0x0F01 - 0x0FFF Private Use 4,096 - 65,534 0x1000 - 0xFFFE Available for assignment 65,535 0xFFFF Reserved, can only be allocated by a Standards Action. Since it is important that RCODEs be understood for interoperability, assignment of a new RCODE in the ranges listed above as "Available for assignment" requires an IETF Review. Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 5 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 3. DNS Resource Records All RRs have the same top-level format, shown in the figure below taken from [RFC 1035]. 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | | / / / NAME / / / +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | TYPE | +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | CLASS | +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | TTL | | | +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | RDLENGTH | +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--| / RDATA / / / +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ NAME is an owner name, i.e., the name of the node to which this resource record pertains. NAMEs are specific to a CLASS as described in Section 3.2. NAMEs consist of an ordered sequence of one or more labels, each of which has a label type [RFC 1035] [RFC 2671]. TYPE is a 2-octet unsigned integer containing one of the RRTYPE codes. See Section 3.1. CLASS is a 2-octet unsigned integer containing one of the RR CLASS codes. See Section 3.2. TTL is a 4-octet (32-bit) unsigned integer that specifies, for data TYPEs, the number of seconds that the resource record may be cached before the source of the information should again be consulted. Zero is interpreted to mean that the RR can only be used for the transaction in progress. RDLENGTH is an unsigned 16-bit integer that specifies the length in octets of the RDATA field. Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 6 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 RDATA is a variable-length string of octets that constitutes the resource. The format of this information varies according to the TYPE and, in some cases, the CLASS of the resource record. 3.1. RRTYPE IANA Considerations There are three subcategories of RRTYPE numbers: data TYPEs, QTYPEs, and Meta-TYPEs. Data TYPEs are the means of storing data. QTYPES can only be used in queries. Meta-TYPEs designate transient data associated with a particular DNS message and, in some cases, can also be used in queries. Thus far, data TYPEs have been assigned from 1 upward, plus the block from 100 through 103, and from 32,768 upward, while Q and Meta-TYPEs have been assigned from 255 downward except for the OPT Meta-RR, which is assigned TYPE 41. There have been DNS implementations that made caching decisions based on the top bit of the bottom byte of the RRTYPE. There are currently three Meta-TYPEs assigned: OPT [RFC 2671], TSIG [RFC 2845], and TKEY [RFC 2930]. There are currently five QTYPEs assigned: * (ALL), MAILA, MAILB, AXFR, and IXFR. RRTYPEs have mnemonics that must be completely disjoint from the mnemonics used for CLASSes and that must match the following regular expression: [A-Z][A-Z0-9\-]*[A-Z0-9] Considerations for the allocation of new RRTYPEs are as follows: Decimal Hexadecimal 0 0x0000 - RRTYPE zero is used as a special indicator for the SIG (0) RR [RFC 2931] [RFC 4034] and in other circumstances, and it must never be allocated for ordinary use. 1 - 127 0x0001 - 0x007F - Remaining RRTYPEs in this range are assigned for data TYPEs by the DNS RRTYPE Allocation Policy as specified in Section 3.1.1. 128 - 255 0x0080 - 0x00FF - Remaining RRTYPEs in this range are assigned for Q and Meta-TYPEs by the DNS RRTYPE Allocation Policy as specified in Section 3.1.1. Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 7 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 256 - 61,439 0x0100 - 0xEFFF - Remaining RRTYPEs in this range are assigned for data RRTYPEs by the DNS RRTYPE Allocation Policy as specified in Section 3.1.1. (32,768 and 32,769 (0x8000 and 0x8001) have been assigned.) 61,440 - 65,279 0xF000 - 0xFEFF - Reserved for future use. IETF Review required to define use. 65,280 - 65,534 0xFF00 - 0xFFFE - Private Use. 65,535 0xFFFF - Reserved, can only be assigned by a Standards Action. 3.1.1. DNS RRTYPE Allocation Policy Parameter values specified in Section 3.1 above, as assigned based on DNS RRTYPE Allocation Policy, are allocated by Expert Review if they meet the two requirements listed below. There will be a pool of a small number of Experts appointed by the IESG. Each application will be ruled on by an Expert selected by IANA. In any case where the selected Expert is unavailable or states they have a conflict of interest, IANA may select another Expert from the pool. Some guidelines for the Experts are given in Section 3.1.2. RRTYPEs that do not meet the requirements below may nonetheless be allocated by a Standards Action as modified by [RFC 4020]. 1. A complete template as specified in Appendix A has been posted for three weeks to the dnsext@ietf.org mailing list before the Expert Review decision. Note that partially completed or draft templates may be posted directly by the applicant for comment and discussion, but the formal posting to start the three-week period is made by the Expert. 2. The RR for which an RRTYPE code is being requested is either (a) a data TYPE that can be handled as an Unknown RR as described in [RFC 3597] or (b) a Meta-TYPE whose processing is optional, i.e., it is safe to simply discard RRs with that Meta-TYPE in queries or responses. Note that such RRs may include additional section processing, provided such processing is optional. Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 8 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 After the applicant posts their formal application with their template as specified in Appendix A, IANA appoints an Expert and the template is posted, with an indication that it is a formal application, to the dnsext@ietf.org mailing list. No less than three weeks and no more than six weeks after this posting to dnsext@ietf.org, the selected Expert shall post a message, explicitly accepting or rejecting the application, to IANA, dnsext@ietf.org, and the email address provided by the applicant. If the Expert does not post such a message, the application shall be considered rejected but may be resubmitted to IANA. IANA should report non-responsive Experts to the IESG. IANA shall maintain a public archive of approved templates. 3.1.2. DNS RRTYPE Expert Guidelines The selected DNS RRTYPE Expert is required to monitor discussion of the proposed RRTYPE, which may occur on the dnsext@ietf.org mailing list, and may consult with other technical experts as necessary. The Expert should normally reject any RRTYPE allocation request that meets one or more of the following criteria: 1. Was documented in a manner that was not sufficiently clear to evaluate or implement. 2. The proposed RRTYPE or RRTYPEs affect DNS processing and do not meet the criteria in point 2 of Section 3.1.1 above. 3. The documentation of the proposed RRTYPE or RRTYPEs is incomplete. (Additional documentation can be provided during the public comment period or by the Expert.) 4. Application use as documented makes incorrect assumptions about DNS protocol behavior, such as wild cards, CNAME, DNAME, etc. 5. An excessive number of RRTYPE values is being requested when the purpose could be met with a smaller number or with Private Use values. 3.1.3. Special Note on the OPT RR The OPT (OPTion) RR (RRTYPE 41) and its IANA considerations are specified in [RFC 2671]. Its primary purpose is to extend the effective field size of various DNS fields including RCODE, label type, OpCode, flag bits, and RDATA size. In particular, for resolvers and servers that recognize it, it extends the RCODE field from 4 to 12 bits. Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 9 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 3.1.4. The AFSDB RR Subtype Field The AFSDB RR [RFC 1183] is a CLASS-insensitive RR that has the same RDATA field structure as the MX RR [RFC 1035], but the 16-bit unsigned integer field at the beginning of the RDATA is interpreted as a subtype as follows: Decimal Hexadecimal 0 0x0000 - Reserved; allocation requires a Standards Action. 1 0x0001 - Andrews File Service v3.0 Location Service [RFC 1183]. 2 0x0002 - DCE/NCA root cell directory node [RFC 1183]. 3 - 65,279 0x0003 - 0xFEFF - Allocation by IETF Review. 65,280 - 65,534 0xFF00 - 0xFFFE - Private Use. 65,535 0xFFFF - Reserved; allocation requires a Standards Action. 3.2. RR CLASS IANA Considerations There are currently two subcategories of DNS CLASSes: normal, data- containing classes and QCLASSes that are only meaningful in queries or updates. DNS CLASSes have been little used but constitute another dimension of the DNS distributed database. In particular, there is no necessary relationship between the name space or root servers for one data CLASS and those for another data CLASS. The same DNS NAME can have completely different meanings in different CLASSes. The label types are the same, and the null label is usable only as root in every CLASS. As global networking and DNS have evolved, the IN, or Internet, CLASS has dominated DNS use. As yet, there has not been a requirement for "meta-CLASSes". That would be a CLASS to designate transient data associated with a particular DNS message, which might be usable in queries. However, it is possible that there might be a future requirement for one or more "meta-CLASSes". Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 10 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 CLASSes have mnemonics that must be completely disjoint from the mnemonics used for RRTYPEs and that must match the following regular expression: [A-Z][A-Z0-9\-]*[A-Z0-9] The current CLASS assignments and considerations for future assignments are as follows: Decimal Hexadecimal 0 0x0000 - Reserved; assignment requires a Standards Action. 1 0x0001 - Internet (IN). 2 0x0002 - Available for assignment by IETF Review as a data CLASS. 3 0x0003 - Chaos (CH) [Moon1981]. 4 0x0004 - Hesiod (HS) [Dyer1987]. 5 - 127 0x0005 - 0x007F - Available for assignment by IETF Review for data CLASSes only. 128 - 253 0x0080 - 0x00FD - Available for assignment by IETF Review for QCLASSes and meta-CLASSes only. 254 0x00FE - QCLASS NONE [RFC 2136]. 255 0x00FF - QCLASS * (ANY) [RFC 1035]. 256 - 32,767 0x0100 - 0x7FFF - Assigned by IETF Review. 32,768 - 57,343 0x8000 - 0xDFFF - Assigned for data CLASSes only, based on Specification Required as defined in [RFC 5226]. Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 11 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 57,344 - 65,279 0xE000 - 0xFEFF - Assigned for QCLASSes and meta-CLASSes only, based on Specification Required as defined in [RFC 5226]. 65,280 - 65,534 0xFF00 - 0xFFFE - Private Use. 65,535 0xFFFF - Reserved; can only be assigned by a Standards Action. 3.3. Label Considerations DNS NAMEs are sequences of labels [RFC 1035]. 3.3.1. Label Types At the present time, there are two categories of label types: data labels and compression labels. Compression labels are pointers to data labels elsewhere within an RR or DNS message and are intended to shorten the wire encoding of NAMEs. The two existing data label types are sometimes referred to as Text and Binary. Text labels can, in fact, include any octet value including zero-value octets, but many current uses involve only [US-ASCII]. For retrieval, Text labels are defined to treat ASCII upper and lower case letter codes as matching [RFC 4343]. Binary labels are bit sequences [RFC 2673]. The Binary label type is Experimental [RFC 3363]. IANA considerations for label types are given in [RFC 2671]. 3.3.2. Label Contents and Use The last label in each NAME is "ROOT", which is the zero-length label. By definition, the null or ROOT label cannot be used for any other NAME purpose. NAMEs are local to a CLASS. The Hesiod [Dyer1987] and Chaos [Moon1981] CLASSes are for essentially local use. The IN, or Internet, CLASS is thus the only DNS CLASS in global use on the Internet at this time. A somewhat out-of-date description of name allocation in the IN Class is given in [RFC 1591]. Some information on reserved top-level domain names is in BCP 32 [RFC 2606]. Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 12 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 4. Security Considerations This document addresses IANA considerations in the allocation of general DNS parameters, not security. See [RFC 4033], [RFC 4034], and [RFC 4035] for secure DNS considerations. 5. IANA Considerations This document consists entirely of DNS IANA Considerations. IANA has established a process for accepting Appendix A templates and selecting an Expert from those appointed to review such template form applications. IANA archives and makes available all approved RRTYPE allocation templates. It is the duty of the applicant to post the formal application template to the dns-rrtype-applications@ietf.org mailing list, which IANA will monitor. The dnsext@ietf.org mailing list is for community discussion and comment. See Section 3.1 and Appendix A for more details. Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 13 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 Appendix A. RRTYPE Allocation Template DNS RRTYPE PARAMETER ALLOCATION TEMPLATE When ready for formal consideration, this template is to be submitted to IANA for processing by emailing the template to dns-rrtype-applications@ietf.org. A. Submission Date: B. Submission Type: [ ] New RRTYPE [ ] Modification to existing RRTYPE C. Contact Information for submitter (will be publicly posted): Name: Email Address: International telephone number: Other contact handles: D. Motivation for the new RRTYPE application. Please keep this part at a high level to inform the Expert and reviewers about uses of the RRTYPE. Most reviewers will be DNS experts that may have limited knowledge of your application space. E. Description of the proposed RR type. This description can be provided in-line in the template, as an attachment, or with a publicly available URL. F. What existing RRTYPE or RRTYPEs come closest to filling that need and why are they unsatisfactory? G. What mnemonic is requested for the new RRTYPE (optional)? Note: this can be left blank and the mnemonic decided after the template is accepted. H. Does the requested RRTYPE make use of any existing IANA registry or require the creation of a new IANA sub-registry in DNS Parameters? If so, please indicate which registry is to be used or created. If a new sub-registry is needed, specify the allocation policy for it and its initial contents. Also include what the modification procedures will be. I. Does the proposal require/expect any changes in DNS servers/resolvers that prevent the new type from being processed as an unknown RRTYPE (see [RFC 3597])? J. Comments: Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 14 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 Appendix B. Changes From RFC 5395 Replaced "namedroppers@ops.ietf.org" with "dnsext@ietf.org". Dropped description of changes from RFC 2929 to RFC 5395 since those changes have already happened, and we don't need to do them again. Updated the boilerplate text. Fixed Section 5 to say that it is the duty of the applicant, not the expert, to post the application to dns-rrtype-applications@ietf.org. Changed the regular expression for RRTYPE and CLASS names so as to prohibit trailing hyphen ("-") and require a minimum length of 2 characters. Made a number of minor editorial and typos fixes. Normative References [RFC 1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities", STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987. [RFC 1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987. [RFC 1996] Vixie, P., "A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes (DNS NOTIFY)", RFC 1996, August 1996. [RFC 2136] Vixie, P., Ed., Thomson, S., Rekhter, Y., and J. Bound, "Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE)", RFC 2136, April 1997. [RFC 2181] Elz, R. and R. Bush, "Clarifications to the DNS Specification", RFC 2181, July 1997. [RFC 2671] Vixie, P., "Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0)", RFC 2671, August 1999. [RFC 2845] Vixie, P., Gudmundsson, O., Eastlake 3rd, D., and B. Wellington, "Secret Key Transaction Authentication for DNS (TSIG)", RFC 2845, May 2000. [RFC 2930] Eastlake 3rd, D., "Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR)", RFC 2930, September 2000. [RFC 3425] Lawrence, D., "Obsoleting IQUERY", RFC 3425, November 2002. Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 15 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 [RFC 3597] Gustafsson, A., "Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record (RR) Types", RFC 3597, September 2003. [RFC 4020] Kompella, K. and A. Zinin, "Early IANA Allocation of Standards Track Code Points", BCP 100, RFC 4020, February 2005. [RFC 4033] Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D., and S. Rose, "DNS Security Introduction and Requirements", RFC 4033, March 2005. [RFC 4034] Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D., and S. Rose, "Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions", RFC 4034, March 2005. [RFC 4035] Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D., and S. Rose, "Protocol Modifications for the DNS Security Extensions", RFC 4035, March 2005. [RFC 4635] Eastlake 3rd, D., "HMAC SHA (Hashed Message Authentication Code, Secure Hash Algorithm) TSIG Algorithm Identifiers", RFC 4635, August 2006. [RFC 5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226, May 2008. [US-ASCII] ANSI, "USA Standard Code for Information Interchange", X3.4, American National Standards Institute: New York, 1968. Informative References [Dyer1987] Dyer, S., and F. Hsu, "Hesiod", Project Athena Technical Plan - Name Service, April 1987. [Moon1981] Moon, D., "Chaosnet", A.I. Memo 628, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, June 1981. [RFC 1183] Everhart, C., Mamakos, L., Ullmann, R., and P. Mockapetris, "New DNS RR Definitions", RFC 1183, October 1990. [RFC 1591] Postel, J., "Domain Name System Structure and Delegation", RFC 1591, March 1994. Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 16 top

RFC 6195 DNS IANA Considerations March 2011 [RFC 2606] Eastlake 3rd, D. and A. Panitz, "Reserved Top Level DNS Names", BCP 32, RFC 2606, June 1999. [RFC 2673] Crawford, M., "Binary Labels in the Domain Name System", RFC 2673, August 1999. [RFC 2931] Eastlake 3rd, D., "DNS Request and Transaction Signatures ( SIG(0)s )", RFC 2931, September 2000. [RFC 3363] Bush, R., Durand, A., Fink, B., Gudmundsson, O., and T. Hain, "Representing Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) Addresses in the Domain Name System (DNS)", RFC 3363, August 2002. [RFC 4343] Eastlake 3rd, D., "Domain Name System (DNS) Case Insensitivity Clarification", RFC 4343, January 2006. [RFC 5395] Eastlake 3rd, D., "Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations", BCP 42, RFC 5395, November 2008. Author's Address Donald E. Eastlake 3rd Huawei Technologies 155 Beaver Street Milford, MA 01757 USA Phone: +1-508-333-2270 EMail: d3e3e3@gmail.com Eastlake 3rd Best Current Practice PAGE 17 top

Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations RFC TOTAL SIZE: 33790 bytes PUBLICATION DATE: Tuesday, March 29th, 2011 LEGAL RIGHTS: The IETF Trust (see BCP 78)


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