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IETF RFC 5289

TLS Elliptic Curve Cipher Suites with SHA-256/384 and AES Galois Counter Mode (GCM)

Last modified on Wednesday, August 20th, 2008

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Network Working Group                                        E. Rescorla
Request for Comments:  5289                                   RTFM, Inc.
Category: Informational                                   August 2008


                 TLS Elliptic Curve Cipher Suites with
             SHA-256/384 and AES Galois Counter Mode (GCM)

 Status of This Memo

   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
   memo is unlimited.

 Abstract

   RFC 4492 describes elliptic curve cipher suites for Transport Layer
   Security (TLS).  However, all those cipher suites use HMAC-SHA-1 as
   their Message Authentication Code (MAC) algorithm.  This document
   describes sixteen new cipher suites for TLS that specify stronger MAC
   algorithms.  Eight use Hashed Message Authentication Code (HMAC) with
   SHA-256 or SHA-384, and eight use AES in Galois Counter Mode (GCM).

 Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
   2.  Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
   3.  Cipher Suites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
     3.1.  HMAC-Based Cipher Suites  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
     3.2.  Galois Counter Mode-Based Cipher Suites . . . . . . . . . . 3
   4.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
   5.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
   6.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
   7.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
     7.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
     7.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5















Rescorla                     Informational                   PAGE 1 top


RFC 5289 TLS ECC New MAC August 2008 1. Introduction RFC 4492 [RFC 4492] describes Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) cipher suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS). However, all of the RFC 4492 suites use HMAC-SHA1 as their MAC algorithm. Due to recent analytic work on SHA-1 [Wang05], the IETF is gradually moving away from SHA-1 and towards stronger hash algorithms. This document specifies TLS ECC cipher suites that use SHA-256 and SHA-384 [SHS] rather than SHA-1. TLS 1.2 [RFC 5246], adds support for authenticated encryption with additional data (AEAD) cipher modes [RFC 5116]. This document also specifies a set of ECC cipher suites using one such mode, Galois Counter Mode (GCM) [GCM]. Another document [RFC 5288] provides support for GCM with other key establishment methods. 2. Conventions Used in This Document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119]. 3. Cipher Suites This document defines 16 new cipher suites to be added to TLS. All use Elliptic Curve Cryptography for key exchange and digital signature, as defined in RFC 4492. 3.1. HMAC-Based Cipher Suites The first eight cipher suites use AES [AES] in Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) [CBC] mode with an HMAC-based MAC: CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x23}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x24}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x25}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x26}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x27}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x28}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x29}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x2A}; These eight cipher suites are the same as the corresponding cipher suites in RFC 4492 (with names ending in "_SHA" in place of "_SHA256" or "_SHA384"), except for the MAC and Pseudo Random Function (PRF) algorithms. Rescorla Informational PAGE 2 top

RFC 5289 TLS ECC New MAC August 2008 These SHALL be as follows: o For cipher suites ending with _SHA256, the PRF is the TLS PRF [RFC 5246] with SHA-256 as the hash function. The MAC is HMAC [RFC 2104] with SHA-256 as the hash function. o For cipher suites ending with _SHA384, the PRF is the TLS PRF [RFC 5246] with SHA-384 as the hash function. The MAC is HMAC [RFC 2104] with SHA-384 as the hash function. 3.2. Galois Counter Mode-Based Cipher Suites The second eight cipher suites use the same asymmetric algorithms as those in the previous section but use the new authenticated encryption modes defined in TLS 1.2 with AES in Galois Counter Mode (GCM) [GCM]: CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x2B}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x2C}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x2D}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x2E}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x2F}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x30}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x31}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x32}; These cipher suites use authenticated encryption with additional data algorithms AEAD_AES_128_GCM and AEAD_AES_256_GCM described in [RFC 5116]. GCM is used as described in [RFC 5288]. The PRFs SHALL be as follows: o For cipher suites ending with _SHA256, the PRF is the TLS PRF [RFC 5246] with SHA-256 as the hash function. o For cipher suites ending with _SHA384, the PRF is the TLS PRF [RFC 5246] with SHA-384 as the hash function. 4. Security Considerations The security considerations in RFC 4346, RFC 4492, and [RFC 5288] apply to this document as well. In addition, as described in [RFC 5288], these cipher suites may only be used with TLS 1.2 or greater. Rescorla Informational PAGE 3 top

RFC 5289 TLS ECC New MAC August 2008 5. IANA Considerations IANA has assigned the following values for these cipher suites: CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x23}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x24}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x25}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x26}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x27}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x28}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x29}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x2A}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x2B}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x2C}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x2D}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x2E}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x2F}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x30}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0xC0,0x31}; CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0xC0,0x32}; 6. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the US Department of Defense. David McGrew, Pasi Eronen, and Alfred Hoenes provided reviews of this document. 7. References 7.1. Normative References [RFC 2104] Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M., and R. Canetti, "HMAC: Keyed- Hashing for Message Authentication", RFC 2104, February 1997. [RFC 2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC 4492] Blake-Wilson, S., Bolyard, N., Gupta, V., Hawk, C., and B. Moeller, "Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Cipher Suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)", RFC 4492, May 2006. [RFC 5116] McGrew, D., "An Interface and Algorithms for Authenticated Encryption", RFC 5116, January 2008. [RFC 5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008. Rescorla Informational PAGE 4 top

RFC 5289 TLS ECC New MAC August 2008 [RFC 5288] Salowey, J., Choudhury, A., and D. McGrew, "AES-GCM Cipher Suites for TLS", RFC 5288, August 2008. [AES] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Specification for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)", FIPS 197, November 2001. [SHS] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Secure Hash Standard", FIPS 180-2, August 2002. [CBC] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation - Methods and Techniques", SP 800-38A, December 2001. [GCM] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) for Confidentiality and Authentication", SP 800-38D, November 2007. 7.2. Informative References [Wang05] Wang, X., Yin, Y., and H. Yu, "Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1", CRYPTO 2005, August 2005. Author's Address Eric Rescorla RTFM, Inc. 2064 Edgewood Drive Palo Alto 94303 USA EMail: ekr@rtfm.com Rescorla Informational PAGE 5 top

RFC 5289 TLS ECC New MAC August 2008 Full Copyright Statement Copyright © The IETF Trust (2008). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Rescorla Informational PAGE 6 top

TLS Elliptic Curve Cipher Suites with SHA-256/384 and AES Galois Counter Mode (GCM) RFC TOTAL SIZE: 12195 bytes PUBLICATION DATE: Wednesday, August 20th, 2008 LEGAL RIGHTS: The IETF Trust (see BCP 78)


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© RFC 5289: The IETF Trust, Wednesday, August 20th, 2008
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